Common injuries of the cervical spine
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Penetrating injury such as a gunshot wound that may have traversed the spine
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Hangman's Fracture - caused by simultaneous extension and distraction as in being “clothes lined” at high speed, or during a MVA in which the head is forced against the car roof creating compression followed by an extension vector
Hangman's Fracture - caused by simultaneous extension and distraction as in being “clothes lined” at high speed, or during a MVA in which the head is forced against the car roof creating compression followed by an extension vector
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Odontoid Fractures - are classified as type I, type II, or type III fracture
Odontoid Fractures - are classified as type I, type II, or type III fracture
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Type I odontoid fractures involve only the tip of the dens and are mostly considered stable
Type I odontoid fractures involve only the tip of the dens and are mostly considered stable
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Type II fractures are the most common type involving the dens and body of C-2 vertebra. Following reduction the patient placed in a halo and/or surgical fusion may be necessary
Type II fractures are the most common type involving the dens and body of C-2 vertebra. Following reduction the patient placed in a halo and/or surgical fusion may be necessary
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Type III odontoid fractures have deep nonunion into the body of C2 vertebra
Type III odontoid fractures have deep nonunion into the body of C2 vertebra
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Jefferson Fracture - is a type of burst fracture of C-1 vertebra. It can occur from an acutely severe axial force causing compression. If the force is great as in diving injuries, the vertebral arch or body of adjacent vertebra literally burst. In the absence of bone fragments penetrating the spine survival without neurological deficit occurs in about 50% of patients, especially if the lateral masses are forced laterally away from the spinal cord
Jefferson Fracture - is a type of burst fracture of C-1 vertebra. It can occur from an acutely severe axial force causing compression. If the force is great as in diving injuries, the vertebral arch or body of adjacent vertebra literally burst. In the absence of bone fragments penetrating the spine survival without neurological deficit occurs in about 50% of patients, especially if the lateral masses are forced laterally away from the spinal cord
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Rotational Injury - Involves complex forces caused by injury onto the head or neck. When rotational injuries involve hyperextension, complex fractures to the interarticularis and pedicle(s) may occur. A "jumped facet(s) phenomenon man occur either unilateral or bilaterally. In some cases the subluxation may be unstable such as when the facets are jumped but not locked
Rotational Injury - Involves complex forces caused by injury onto the head or neck. When rotational injuries involve hyperextension, complex fractures to the interarticularis and pedicle(s) may occur. A "jumped facet(s) phenomenon man occur either unilateral or bilaterally. In some cases the subluxation may be unstable such as when the facets are jumped but not locked
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Extension teardrop fracture – Caused by an avulsion of the anterior part of a vertebral body during hyperextension
Extension teardrop fracture – Caused by an avulsion of the anterior part of a vertebral body during hyperextension
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Clay-shoveler’s fracture – A fracture of the spinous process of C6, C7, or T1. It is due to hyperflexion injury and may involve one or more spinous process
Clay-shoveler’s fracture – A fracture of the spinous process of C6, C7, or T1. It is due to hyperflexion injury and may involve one or more spinous process
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Unilateral locked facet – caused by flexion and rotation injury. The intervertebral foramina is visible above but no below on the true lateral view
Unilateral locked facet – caused by flexion and rotation injury. The intervertebral foramina is visible above but no below on the true lateral view
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Bilateral locked facets – also caused by hyperflexion injury. The upper cervical spine is anteriorly displaced over the lower spine. A clue to this injury is widening of the spinous processes at the site of injury. This results in a complete luxation (dislocation) of the spine
Bilateral locked facets – also caused by hyperflexion injury. The upper cervical spine is anteriorly displaced over the lower spine. A clue to this injury is widening of the spinous processes at the site of injury. This results in a complete luxation (dislocation) of the spine
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Muscle spasm: loss of normal lordotic curve (lateral view), or torticollis on AP view
Muscle spasm: loss of normal lordotic curve (lateral view), or torticollis on AP view
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